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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets
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Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

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High Throughput Single Cell RNA Sequencing, Bioinformatics Analysis and Applications.

Xiaoyun Huang1, Shiping Liu1, Liang Wu1

  • 1BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 27, 2018
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Summary

Single cell sequencing (SCS) provides deep insights into individual cell genomes and transcriptomes. This powerful technique aids cancer research by analyzing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for metastasis and evolution insights.

Keywords:
BioinformaticsCancerSingle cellscRNA-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Single cell sequencing (SCS) enables the analysis of individual cell genomes, transcriptomes, and epigenomes.
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is the core technology driving advancements in SCS.
  • scRNA-seq involves a complex workflow from cell sorting to bioinformatic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the utility of scRNA-seq in cancer biology research.
  • To explore the application of scRNA-seq in understanding cancer metastasis, heterogeneity, and evolution.
  • To discuss the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cancer progression and diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Single cell sorting
  • RNA extraction and reverse transcription
  • PCR amplification and library construction
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS)
  • Computational and bioinformatic analysis

Main Results:

  • scRNA-seq facilitates in-depth analysis of individual cells.
  • The technique is crucial for unraveling complex cancer biology questions.
  • CTCs offer a non-invasive approach for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • scRNA-seq is a transformative technology in molecular biology and cancer research.
  • Computational algorithms are indispensable for scRNA-seq data analysis.
  • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a promising avenue for cancer management.