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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions03:03

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

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Chemical substances interact in many different ways. Certain chemical reactions exhibit common patterns of reactivity. Due to the vast number of chemical reactions, it becomes necessary to classify them based on the observed patterns of interaction.
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Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

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A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
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Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

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In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
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Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems01:19

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Phase I biotransformation reactions are integral to drug metabolism, predominantly involving oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic transformations. Chief among these are oxidative reactions, which enhance the hydrophilicity of xenobiotics and introduce polar functional groups to facilitate their elimination from the body.
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Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Carbon-Heteroatom and Miscellaneous Systems01:15

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Oxidative reactions are pivotal in metabolizing numerous compounds, including pharmaceutical drugs. These reactions often occur in carbon-heteroatom systems, such as carbon-nitrogen, carbon-sulfur, and carbon-oxygen.
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems
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A one-pot, isothermal DNA sample preparation and amplification platform utilizing aqueous two-phase systems.

Sherine F Cheung1, Matthew F Yee1, Nguyen K Le1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 5121 Engineering V, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|June 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel one-step system combining thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (tHDA) and aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) for rapid infectious disease detection. The system achieves sensitive nucleic acid amplification from whole-cell samples, enabling point-of-care diagnostics.

Keywords:
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs)IsothermalNucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)Thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (tHDA)Triton X-100

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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Screening Salmonella in Animal Food and Confirming Salmonella from Culture Isolation
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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Screening Salmonella in Animal Food and Confirming Salmonella from Culture Isolation
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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Point-of-Care Testing

Background:

  • Infectious diseases are a leading cause of mortality globally, particularly in developing nations.
  • Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is limited in point-of-care settings due to equipment needs.
  • Existing portable nucleic acid detection methods, like isothermal amplification, often require complex sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified, one-step nucleic acid amplification and detection system for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics.
  • To integrate cell lysis, lysate processing, and DNA amplification into a single, user-friendly process.
  • To overcome sample preparation limitations in current isothermal amplification techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A novel system combining thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (tHDA) with a Triton X-100 micellar aqueous two-phase system (ATPS).
  • A one-pot approach for simultaneous cell lysis, lysate processing, and nucleic acid amplification.
  • Testing the system's sensitivity using whole-cell bacterial samples.

Main Results:

  • The combined tHDA-ATPS system successfully amplified and detected a target gene in whole-cell samples.
  • Achieved a limit of detection as low as 10^2 colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL).
  • This marks the first application of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) in conjunction with isothermal DNA amplification.

Conclusions:

  • The developed one-pot system offers a user-friendly and sensitive method for nucleic acid detection.
  • Its potential as a point-of-care diagnostic platform for infectious diseases is significant.
  • Simplifying sample preparation and amplification enhances accessibility for field diagnostics.