Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

8.9K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
8.9K
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

995
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
995
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

7.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
7.0K
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

33.9K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.9K
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

9.9K
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
9.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bayesian Graphical Modeling with the Circular Drift Diffusion Model.

Computational brain & behavior·2026
Same author

Developmental divergence in voice-reward circuitry differentiates autistic from typically developing children and adolescents.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Glutamatergic signaling underlies brain structural organization for mathematical and reading abilities in children.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Psychedelics disrupt hierarchical cortical propagations in the default mode network of humans and mice.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Causal and directional elements of global brain dynamics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Intrinsic space-time couplings governing multi-scale cortical dynamics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Uncovering Hidden Dynamics of Natural Photonic Structures Using Holographic Imaging
05:45

Uncovering Hidden Dynamics of Natural Photonic Structures Using Holographic Imaging

Published on: March 31, 2022

3.1K

Uncovering hidden brain state dynamics that regulate performance and decision-making during cognition.

Jalil Taghia1, Weidong Cai2, Srikanth Ryali3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. taghia@stanford.edu.

Nature Communications
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that flexible, hidden brain states dynamically influence human cognition. Timely engagement with these optimal cognitive states is crucial for better task performance and decision-making.

More Related Videos

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

978
Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

16.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Uncovering Hidden Dynamics of Natural Photonic Structures Using Holographic Imaging
05:45

Uncovering Hidden Dynamics of Natural Photonic Structures Using Holographic Imaging

Published on: March 31, 2022

3.1K
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

978
Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

16.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Computational psychiatry
  • Dynamic systems modeling

Background:

  • Human cognition is influenced by dynamic, latent brain states beyond external task demands.
  • Understanding these internal brain dynamics is key to explaining cognitive variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify hidden brain states and their dynamic transitions using a novel algorithm.
  • To investigate the relationship between these latent brain states and cognitive performance.
  • To demonstrate the utility of switching dynamical systems for cognitive neuroscience.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied a Bayesian switching dynamical systems algorithm.
  • Analyzed brain state transitions and their alignment with task conditions.
  • Validated findings in a large sample (N=122).

Main Results:

  • Identified hidden brain states weakly aligned with external tasks.
  • Demonstrated flexible reconfiguration of functional brain circuits via state transitions.
  • Latent transient brain states optimal for cognition were identified.
  • Failure to engage timely brain states correlated with poorer performance and decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • A robust link exists between cognitive flexibility and latent brain state dynamics.
  • Switching dynamical systems models are powerful tools for studying hidden brain dynamics.
  • Dynamic functional brain circuits are critical for optimal cognition.