[Lupus nephritis]

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common major organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and causes significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Thus, all patients with SLE should be regularly screened for LN. While new onset glomerular hematuria or proteinuria are suggestive for LN, a kidney biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and classification. The treatment of LN comprises strict blood pressure control and administration of hydroxychloroquine. Aggressive forms of LN require additional treatment with immunosuppressive induction therapy followed by a maintenance phase for several years. Given the high rate of disease recurrence, life-long follow-up control in specialized centers is necessary. Despite optimal care a significant proportion of patients still develop chronic kidney failure. Better disease activity markers as well as more potent and specific therapeutic agents are thus urgently needed.