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[Herpes simplex encephalitis in the newborn infant--a review]
Summary
Neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis is a severe condition. Early antiviral therapy is crucial for better outcomes, as clinical presentation guides treatment decisions.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Virology
- Pediatrics
Context:
- Neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis (HSVE) is a rare but devastating condition with high mortality and morbidity.
- Advances in antiviral agents offer new therapeutic possibilities.
Purpose:
- To review the virologic and epidemiologic aspects of neonatal herpes encephalitis.
- To discuss prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for HSVE.
- To highlight the importance of early clinical assessment for initiating treatment.
Summary:
- Antiviral therapy efficacy is strongly dependent on early initiation.
- Typical electroencephalogram (EEG) and computed tomography (CT) changes indicate advanced disease.
- Virologic testing in early neonatal stages has limited diagnostic value.
- Brain biopsy is contraindicated in neonates.
- Treatment decisions for antiviral chemotherapy should be based on clinical presentation.
Impact:
- This review provides critical insights for neonatologists and pediatric neurologists managing HSVE.
- Emphasizes the need for prompt clinical evaluation to guide timely antiviral intervention.
- Contributes to improved management strategies for this life-threatening neonatal infection.