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[Perinatal factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A case-control study].

V Núñez Cerezo1, M Romo Muñoz1, J L Encinas1

  • 1Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid.

Cirugia Pediatrica : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Cirugia Pediatrica
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Infants experiencing fetal distress and early sepsis face increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Antifungal treatments may also elevate NEC incidence, while antibiotics showed no significant risk.

Keywords:
AntibioticAntifungalNecrotizing enterocolitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal condition affecting premature infants.
  • Identifying perinatal risk and protective factors is crucial for prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential perinatal risk or protective factors associated with NEC in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case-control study of 500 newborns (44 NEC cases, 456 controls) admitted to NICU from 2014-2015.
  • Reviewed maternal and neonatal factors, including fetal distress, sepsis, birth weight, gestational age, catheterization, feeding times, and medication use.
  • Matched cases and controls for analyzed factors; used parametric tests for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • No maternal risk factors for NEC were identified.
  • Fetal distress and early sepsis were significantly associated with a higher risk of NEC (p < 0.0001).
  • No statistical differences were found regarding enteral feeding timing or probiotic use.

Conclusions:

  • Infants with a history of fetal distress and signs of early sepsis are at increased risk for NEC.
  • Prophylactic antifungal treatment and orotracheal intubation may be associated with elevated NEC incidence.
  • Antibiotic treatment did not demonstrate an increased risk of NEC.