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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
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As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
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Electroactive polymers for tissue regeneration: Developments and perspectives.

Chengyun Ning1,2, Zhengnan Zhou1,3,2, Guoxin Tan3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

Progress in Polymer Science
|July 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electroactive polymers leverage electrical signals to influence cell behavior, offering potential for tissue regeneration. These materials show promise in repairing bone, nerve, heart, cartilage, and skin tissues.

Keywords:
Conducting PolymersElectroactive PolymersPiezoelectric PolymersPolyelectrolyte GelsTissue Regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Bioelectricity

Background:

  • Human cells generate electrical fields influencing proliferation and differentiation.
  • Osteoblasts, neurons, and cardiomyocytes are sensitive to electrical stimulation.
  • Electroactive polymers can deliver electrical signals to cells for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the electrical characteristics of electroactive polymers.
  • To discuss their biological responses to electrical stimulation.
  • To highlight their applications in tissue regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing electrical properties of conducting polymers, piezoelectric polymers, and polyelectrolyte gels.
  • Reviewing biological responses to electrical stimulation from these polymers.
  • Focusing on applications in bone, nerve, cardiac, cartilage, and skin regeneration.

Main Results:

  • Electroactive polymers effectively deliver electrical signals to cells.
  • These materials modulate cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • Applications span regeneration of various electrically responsive tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Electroactive polymers possess significant potential as regenerative biomaterials.
  • Their ability to stimulate desirable cellular outcomes is key.
  • Challenges in tissue regeneration applications require further investigation.