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Ions and Ionic Charges

Ions and Ionic Charges

In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Chemical substances interact in many different ways. Certain chemical reactions exhibit common patterns of reactivity. Due to the vast number of chemical reactions, it becomes necessary to classify them based on the observed patterns of interaction.

Ions as Acids and Bases

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:

Ionic Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...

Ionic Radii

Ionic Radii

Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...

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Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

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A flexible ionic synaptic device and diode-based aqueous ion sensor utilizing asymmetric polyelectrolyte

Yiwei Zhao¹, Shilei Dai, Yingli Chu

¹Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China. huangjia@tongji.edu.cn xiaohanwu@tongji.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|July 11, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel ionic diode with a high rectification ratio using asymmetric polyelectrolyte distribution. This device shows promise for applications like aqueous ion detection and pH sensing.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Ionic diodes are crucial for electronic applications, but achieving high rectification ratios with simple fabrication remains a challenge.
Asymmetric polyelectrolyte distribution offers a potential pathway to control ionic transport and device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-performance ionic diode with a simple structure and rapid fabrication process.
To demonstrate the application of the ionic diode as a sensor for aqueous ions, specifically as a pH sensor.
To explore the potential of similar device designs for ionic synaptic applications.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an ionic diode utilizing asymmetric polyelectrolyte distribution.
Characterization of the diode's electrical properties, focusing on rectification ratio.
Testing the diode's performance as a pH sensor through aqueous ion detection.
Development and testing of two-terminal ionic synaptic devices with a similar structure.

Main Results:

Successfully developed an ionic diode exhibiting a high rectification ratio.
Demonstrated a simple device structure and a quick fabrication process.
Validated the ionic diode's capability for aqueous ion detection, functioning effectively as a pH sensor.
Successfully engineered two-terminal ionic synaptic devices based on the developed structural design.

Conclusions:

The asymmetric polyelectrolyte distribution approach enables the creation of high-performance ionic diodes with simplified fabrication.
The developed ionic diode is a viable candidate for sensitive aqueous ion detection and pH sensing.
The structural design is adaptable for creating advanced ionic synaptic devices, paving the way for neuromorphic computing applications.