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    A new imaging method, coded aperture compressive X-ray luminescence tomography (CAC-XLCT), significantly improves spatial resolution and image quality for X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) imaging.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Biophysics
    • Computational Imaging

    Background:

    • X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality.
    • Existing XLCT geometries (pencil beam, cone beam) face limitations in acquisition time, spatial resolution, and accuracy.
    • There is a need for advanced XLCT techniques suitable for in vivo applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and investigate a novel imaging geometry for XLCT called coded aperture compressive X-ray luminescence tomography (CAC-XLCT).
    • To evaluate the performance of CAC-XLCT compared to conventional cone beam XLCT.
    • To demonstrate the potential of CAC-XLCT for high-quality, fast in vivo imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Simulations of X-ray and diffuse light propagation were performed to model CAC-XLCT.
    • A compressed sensing image reconstruction algorithm was implemented for CAC-XLCT.
    • CAC-XLCT performance was assessed using simulated targets of varying complexity and compared against cone beam XLCT.

    Main Results:

    • CAC-XLCT demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in spatial resolution compared to cone beam XLCT.
    • Image quality was significantly improved with CAC-XLCT.
    • The image acquisition time overhead for CAC-XLCT was minimal.

    Conclusions:

    • CAC-XLCT offers a promising alternative to existing XLCT geometries.
    • This novel technique achieves high spatial resolution, high image quality, and fast acquisition simultaneously.
    • CAC-XLCT is well-suited for in vivo biomedical imaging applications.