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Published on: January 19, 2022
Neurocognitive disorders and sleep in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Tuğba Şişmanlar Eyüboğlu1, Ayşe Tana Aslan2, Alper Ceylan3
1Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Insights
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients often experience sleep disordered breathing, leading to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Early assessment and monitoring of sleep issues are crucial for managing hyperactivity and inattention in children with PCD.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Background:
- Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is associated with a higher incidence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB).
- SDB in PCD patients can lead to neurocognitive impairments, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), affecting academic and social functioning.
- This study investigates hyperactivity and attention deficits in PCD patients and their relationship with sleep disturbances.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the prevalence of hyperactivity and attention deficiency in children with PCD.
- To explore the correlation between sleep disordered breathing and ADHD symptoms in PCD patients.
- To emphasize the importance of integrating sleep assessments into PCD management.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving 15 PCD patients (aged 8-18) and 31 age-matched healthy controls.
- Evaluations included ENT examinations, home sleep testing, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), Conners' Parent and Teacher Scales, and the Stroop test.
- The study aimed to identify relationships between SDB and ADHD indicators in PCD children.
Main Results:
- PCD patients exhibited high rates of chronic rhinosinusitis (100%), tonsillar hypertrophy (80%), and adenoidal hypertrophy (60%).
- Sixty percent of PCD patients were diagnosed with mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), with a mean AHI of 1.54.
- PCD patients showed significantly higher PSQ scores, hyperactivity scores (Conners' scale), and inattention findings (Stroop test) compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is common in children with PCD.
- Increased hyperactivity and inattention are prevalent in PCD patients, likely linked to SDB.
- Routine sleep disordered breathing assessment and monitoring for hyperactivity/inattention are recommended for comprehensive PCD patient care.
Background:
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients have higher incidence of sleep disordered breathing which lead neurocognitive impairments such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It may effect academic performance of children and may cause impairment in emotional relationships. This study aim to evaluate hyperactivity and attention deficiency in PCD patients and investigate the relationship between sleep and hyperactivity and attention deficiency in PCD patients.
Method:
Fifteen PCD patients aged 8-18 years and 31 age-matched healthy controls were compared. Ear, nose, and throat examination and home sleep testing were performed in PCD patients. Pediatric sleep questionnaire, Conners' Parents and Teacher scale and Stroop test were applied in both groups in order to investigate the relation between sleep disordered breathing and ADHD in PCD children.
Results:
PCD patients had chronic rhinosinusitis (100%), tonsillar hypertrophy (80%) and adenoidal hypertrophy (60%). FEF25-75 was low in pulmonary function test. Sixty percent of the PCD patients had mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in home sleep testing. Mean AHI was 1.54 ± 0.27. Compared with the controls PCD patients had higher PSQ scores. Hyperactivity scores on Conners' Parents scale and inattention findings in Stroop test were higher in PCD patients than the healthy controls (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Most of PCD children had mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Hyperactivity and inattention findings were higher in PCD patients. Sleep disordered breathing assessment should be a routine part of PCD patients management and these patients should be carefully monitored in terms of hyperactivity and inattention.
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