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In the delta-wye circuit, the source is delta-connected, while the load is in a wye configuration. This means that the phase voltage of the delta-connected source is equal to the line voltage of the wye-connected load. The connection between two-line currents originates from the delta-connected source. The phase difference in the balanced system allows for calculating one line current given the other, utilizing the positive sequence of phases. In the delta-wye system, the phase currents in the...
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A Real-Time QRS Detection System With PR/RT Interval and ST Segment Measurements for Wearable ECG Sensors Using

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    This study introduces a real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system for wearables, achieving high accuracy in detecting QRS, P, and T waves for long-term cardiac monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Wearable Technology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is crucial for diagnosing cardiac conditions.
    • Existing wearable ECG systems face challenges in real-time data processing and accuracy for long-term use.
    • Accurate detection of specific ECG waves (QRS, P, T) and segments (ST) is essential for comprehensive cardiac analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a real-time ECG monitoring system for wearable devices.
    • To implement novel algorithms for accurate detection of QRS, P, and T waves and measurement of PR, RT intervals, and ST segments.
    • To evaluate the system's performance using established ECG databases and a hardware prototype.

    Main Methods:

    • A parallel delta modulator architecture was designed and fabricated using IBM 0.13 μm CMOS technology.
    • Local maximum and minimum point algorithms were developed for detecting QRS, P, and T waves.
    • The system was tested using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database and the QT Database.
    • Algorithm accuracy was validated on a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA implementation.

    Main Results:

    • The algorithm achieved high detection accuracies: >99% for QRS complexes, 91% for P waves, and 98% for T waves.
    • The fabricated parallel delta modulators demonstrated ultra-low power consumption (720 nW at 1 kHz sampling rate).
    • Real-time measurement of PR and RT intervals, and ST segments was demonstrated on the prototype system.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed real-time ECG monitoring system offers high accuracy and low power consumption, suitable for wearable applications.
    • The developed algorithms effectively detect key ECG waveform components for comprehensive cardiac analysis.
    • This system holds significant potential for advancing long-term wearable ECG recording devices.