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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Effects of Glycolipid Rhodococcus Biosurfactant on Innate and Adaptive Immunity Parameters In Vivo.

S V Gein1,2, O A Kochina3, M S Kuyukina3,4

  • 1Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia. gein@iegm.ru.

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
|July 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Rhodococcus ruber glycolipid biosurfactants suppress immune responses in vivo, contradicting earlier cell culture findings. This highlights the crucial role of the in vivo environment in modulating bacterial glycolipid effects on immunity.

Keywords:
antibody productionbiosurfactantcytokinesmacrophages

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Glycolipid biosurfactants are microbial compounds with diverse biological activities.
  • Rhodococcus ruber produces biosurfactants with previously observed immunostimulatory effects on cell cultures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo immunomodulatory effects of Rhodococcus ruber glycolipid biosurfactants.
  • To compare in vivo immune responses with previously observed in vitro effects.

Main Methods:

  • Intraperitoneal and intramuscular administration of glycolipid biosurfactant complex from Rhodococcus ruber IEGM 231 in a model system.
  • Assessment of innate and adaptive immunity parameters, including antibody production, bactericidal potential, and cytokine production by peritoneal macrophages.

Main Results:

  • The glycolipid biosurfactant complex significantly inhibited antibody production.
  • Bactericidal potential and production of proinflammatory cytokines by peritoneal macrophages were suppressed in vivo.
  • Observed in vivo immunosuppression contrasted with previously reported in vitro immunostimulatory activity.

Conclusions:

  • The in vivo administration of Rhodococcus ruber glycolipid biosurfactants leads to immune suppression.
  • The cellular environment plays a critical role in determining the immune response to bacterial glycolipids.
  • Discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo findings underscore the complexity of host-microbe interactions.