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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.6K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.6K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

131.3K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
131.3K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

87.8K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
87.8K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.2K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.2K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.2K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.2K

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Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
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Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

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Non-ionic thiolated cyclodextrins - the next generation.

Ali Moghadam1,2, Muhammad Ijaz2,3, Mulazim Hussain Asim2,4

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

International Journal of Nanomedicine
|July 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel thiolated cyclodextrin (CD) enhances drug solubility and mucoadhesion. This thiolated beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD-SH) shows improved drug delivery with prolonged residence time on mucosal surfaces.

Keywords:
inclusion complexmucosal deliverythiolated cyclodextrin

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Development of novel mucoadhesive thiolated cyclodextrins (CDs) without ionizable groups and intact ring backbone for enhanced drug delivery.
  • Addressing limitations of existing drug delivery vehicles for poorly soluble compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new mucoadhesive thiolated beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD-SH).
  • To evaluate its potential for improving solubility and mucoadhesion of poorly soluble drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of thiolated β-CD via bromine substitution and thiourea reaction.
  • In vitro characterization including dissolution, cytotoxicity, mucoadhesion studies on porcine intestinal mucosa.
  • Assessment of inclusion complex formation with miconazole nitrate.

Main Results:

  • Two thiolated β-CDs (β-CD-SH600 and β-CD-SH1200) synthesized with high thiol group content.
  • Significant increase in miconazole nitrate solubility (157- and 257-fold) and water solubility (≥1.3-fold).
  • Markedly improved mucoadhesion (39.73- and 46.37-fold) with no significant cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • β-CD-SH demonstrates potential as a novel drug delivery tool for poorly soluble drugs.
  • Enhanced mucoadhesion leads to prolonged residence time on mucosal surfaces.
  • Offers a safer alternative to first-generation thiolated CDs due to lack of cytotoxicity.