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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Upper and Lower Tract Urothelial Imaging Using Computed Tomography Urography.

Siva P Raman1, Elliot K Fishman1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, JHOC 3251, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

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|July 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Computed tomography (CT) urography is the best noninvasive method for detecting urothelial malignancies. Optimizing CT urography protocols, including contrast and timing, is crucial for accurate upper urinary tract evaluation.

Keywords:
BladderComputed tomography (CT)KidneySingle-bolusSplit-bolusTransitional cell carcinomaUreter

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Urology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Computed tomography (CT) urography is the preferred noninvasive imaging modality for assessing urothelial malignancies of the upper urinary tract.
  • The diagnostic accuracy of CT urography is highly dependent on the implementation of precise image acquisition protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline optimal CT urography protocols for evaluating the upper urinary tract.
  • To detail contrast administration, imaging timing, and ancillary techniques for enhancing collecting system distention.
  • To discuss imaging findings indicative of urothelial carcinoma in the intrarenal collecting systems, ureters, and bladder.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on optimized CT urography protocols.
  • Emphasis on contrast administration and imaging timing.
  • Inclusion of ancillary techniques for improved collecting system distention.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of imaging findings suggestive of urothelial carcinoma.
  • Analysis of findings across the intrarenal collecting systems, ureters, and bladder.
  • Highlighting the importance of protocol adherence for diagnostic yield.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to optimized CT urography protocols is essential for accurate noninvasive evaluation of urothelial malignancies.
  • Understanding specific imaging findings is critical for diagnosing upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
  • CT urography, when performed with appropriate techniques, offers significant utility in detecting urothelial cancers.