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This study introduces a new algorithm to calculate thermospheric wind profiles using data from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) instrument on NASA

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Space physics
  • Atmospheric science
  • Aeronomy

Background:

  • The thermosphere is a critical region for understanding space weather and atmospheric dynamics.
  • Measuring wind profiles in the thermosphere is essential for atmospheric modeling.
  • Previous methods for thermospheric wind measurement have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an algorithm for retrieving thermospheric wind profiles from MIGHTI/ICON data.
  • To assess the accuracy and precision of the retrieved wind data.
  • To understand the limitations of space-based thermospheric wind measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing interferometric limb images from the MIGHTI instrument (557.7 nm and 630.0 nm atomic oxygen emissions).
  • Applying a novel algorithm to derive line-of-sight wind profiles from Doppler shifts.
  • Combining data from two MIGHTI sensors for vector horizontal wind retrieval.
  • Employing a TIME-GCM-based truth model simulation for validation.

Main Results:

  • The algorithm successfully retrieves altitude profiles of line-of-sight and vector horizontal winds.
  • Accuracy is generally high, better than 5.8 m/s (green line) and 3.5 m/s (red line) for 80% of samples.
  • Precision meets requirements under solar minimum conditions (1.2–4.7 m/s).
  • Limitations include atmospheric asymmetry, day/night boundaries, and equatorial ionization anomalies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed algorithm provides accurate and precise thermospheric wind profiles from MIGHTI/ICON data.
  • Space-based wind measurements are fundamentally limited by atmospheric asymmetry.
  • The MIGHTI instrument and algorithm represent a significant advancement in thermospheric research.
  • Further research is needed to address errors in specific atmospheric regions.