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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

20.5K
In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
20.5K
Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

27.5K
Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
27.5K
Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

16.2K
Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
16.2K
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

5.0K
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
5.0K
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

5.4K
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
5.4K
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

4.7K
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
4.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps
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An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps

Published on: December 5, 2025

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Anatomic basis for flap thinning.

Seong Oh Park1, Hak Chang2, Nobuaki Imanishi3

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Archives of Plastic Surgery
|July 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Understanding flap vascularity is crucial before flap thinning to avoid complications. This review analyzes flap anatomy and provides precautions for safe and effective flap thinning procedures.

Keywords:
Flap anatomyFlap thinningThin flap

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Microsurgery

Background:

  • Flap thinning improves functional and aesthetic outcomes in reconstructive surgery.
  • The procedure carries risks to flap vascularity due to its "blind" nature.
  • A thorough understanding of flap vasculature is essential for safe execution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the anatomical basis of flap thinning.
  • To review vascular considerations for common flap procedures.
  • To provide precautions for flap thinning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical studies categorizing flaps by vascular structures.
  • Analysis of specific flap procedures: deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, thoracodorsal artery perforator (TAP) flap, and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap.
  • Examination of subdermal plexus axiality.

Main Results:

  • Flaps are categorized into 6 types based on vascular anatomy.
  • Specific vascular patterns and risks associated with DIEP, TAP, and ALT flaps are detailed.
  • Precautions for flap thinning are outlined, emphasizing vascular preservation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding flap vascular anatomy is paramount for successful flap thinning.
  • Knowledge of specific flap vascularity and subdermal plexus is critical for minimizing complications.
  • This review offers guidance for optimizing flap thinning procedures for better patient outcomes.