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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Methods for Electroporation and Transformation Confirmation in Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM20016
Published on: June 23, 2023
High-efficiency transformation of Yarrowia lipolytica using electroporation
Kelly A Markham1, Sofia Vazquez1, Hal S Alper1,2
1McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Abstract:
Yarrowia lipolytica is an industrial host organism with incredible potential for metabolic engineering. However, the genetic tools and capacities in this host lag behind those of conventional counterparts. In this study, we sought to increase the transformation efficiency of Y. lipolytica by creating a simple protocol using electroporation. Efficiency was increased by optimizing wash buffers, pre-culture growth time, OD600 of competent cells, voltage, competent cell volume, DNA concentration, and recovery time. The outcome of these optimizations led to a simple protocol with maximum linear fragment transformation efficiency of 1.6 × 104 transformants per μg DNA and 2.8 × 104 transformants per μg DNA for episomal plasmid transformation. The protocol presented here is superior to other Y. lipolytica transformation protocols as it requires no lengthy pretreatment and no required carrier DNA to achieve efficiencies on par with, or exceeding, previously reported methods.
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