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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Isomerism in Complexes
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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Rat Model of Photochemically-Induced Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
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Neuroprotection in Optic Neuropathy.

Leonard A Levin1

  • 1Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|August 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Untreatable optic neuropathies drive research into neuroprotective therapies targeting retinal ganglion cell loss. Clinical trials are now evaluating the efficacy of these strategies in human optic nerve diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Neuroscience
  • Neuroprotection research

Background:

  • Optic neuropathies often lead to irreversible vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death.
  • Current treatments for most optic neuropathies are limited, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current neuroprotection strategies for optic neuropathies.
  • To critically assess the challenges and progress in clinical trials for optic nerve disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical trials on neuroprotection in optic neuropathies.
  • Analysis of key issues including site of injury, axonal damage mechanisms, and disease-specific factors.

Main Results:

  • Neuroprotection is a promising therapeutic avenue for optic nerve diseases, particularly glaucoma.
Keywords:
neuroprotectionoptic neuropathy

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  • Clinical trials are increasingly investigating the efficacy of neuroprotective agents in human subjects.

    • Conclusions:

    • Further research and well-designed clinical trials are crucial for advancing neuroprotection in optic neuropathies.
    • Understanding disease-specific mechanisms is vital for developing effective neuroprotective therapies.