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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms
Published on: August 15, 2016
A low-steering piezo-driven mirror
E Magnan1, J Maslek1, C Bracamontes1
1Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and The University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Abstract:
We present a piezo-driven translatable mirror with excellent pointing stability, capable of driving at frequencies up to tens of kilohertz. Our system uses a tripod of piezo actuators with independently controllable drive voltages, where the ratios of the individual drive voltages are tuned to minimize residual tilting. Attached to a standard ∅ = 12.7 mm mirror, the system has a resonance-free mechanical bandwidth up to 51 kHz, with displacements up to 2 μm at 8 kHz. The maximum static steering error is 5.5 μrad/μm displaced, and the dynamic steering error is lower than 0.6 μrad μm-1. This simple design should be useful for a large set of optical applications where tilt-free displacements are required, and we demonstrate its application in an ensemble of cold atoms trapped in periodically driven optical lattices.
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