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Detecting Biothreat Agents: From Current Diagnostics to Developing Sensor Technologies.

Scott A Walper1, Guillermo Lasarte Aragonés1,2, Kim E Sapsford3

  • 1Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900 , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early detection of biothreat agents is crucial for public health. This review covers current and emerging biosensing technologies for identifying dangerous bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

Keywords:
EbolaFDAassaybacteriabiosensorbiothreatdiagnosticpandemictoxinvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Biothreat agent detection
  • Biosensing technologies
  • Public health preparedness

Background:

  • Biothreat agents remain a significant public health risk due to terrorism, warfare, and globalization.
  • Effective prevention, protection, and treatment rely heavily on early detection capabilities.
  • Historical outbreaks and bioweaponization efforts underscore the need for robust detection methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing and emerging methods for detecting bacterial, viral, and toxin biothreat agents.
  • To provide an overview of current diagnostic technologies and FDA-approved devices.
  • To discuss the regulatory pathways for emergency use of in vitro diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of historical context, definitions, and relevant considerations for biothreat detection.
  • Detailed review of sensing technologies, including assay formats and analytical techniques.
  • Discussion of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip and point-of-care devices for biothreat sensing.

Main Results:

  • Current 'gold' standards and FDA-approved in vitro diagnostic devices for biothreat detection are presented.
  • Sensing methods for bacterial, viral, and toxin biothreats are categorized and analyzed.
  • Emerging biosensing technologies and potential future threats are considered.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in biosensing technology are critical for enhancing biothreat detection capabilities.
  • The development of rapid, sensitive, and specific detection methods is essential for public health security.
  • Continued innovation in biosensing will be vital to address evolving biothreat landscapes.