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Risk Factors for Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Hassan Boskabadi1, Maryam Zakerihamidi2, Ali Moradi3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|August 8, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns significantly increases the risk of sensorineural hearing loss. High total bilirubin levels are the strongest predictor of hearing impairment in infants with jaundice.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Audiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Hyperbilirubinemia is a frequent neonatal condition with potential neurotoxic effects, including hearing impairment.
  • Assessing risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in jaundiced infants is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate risk factors associated with sensorineural hearing loss in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia.
  • To identify coexisting neurological problems in jaundiced infants.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 200 term infants with bilirubin levels >20 mg/dl.
  • Comparison of 60 infants with hearing impairment against 140 icteric infants with normal hearing.
  • Auditory Brainstem Response testing for hearing assessment post-discharge.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss was 4.8% in infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Significant differences observed in total bilirubin, creatinine, Coombs test, etiology, jaundice treatment, eye movement disorders, opisthotonos, and microcephaly between groups.
  • Total bilirubin level demonstrated 82% predictability for sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusions:

  • Hearing impairment is substantially more common in neonates with severe jaundice.
  • Total bilirubin level is the most significant predictor of infant hearing status.
  • Maternal-fetal blood group/Rh incompatibility and G6PD deficiency are key causes of jaundice-related hearing loss.
Abstract

Keywords:
Hearing LossJaundiceNewbornRisk factorsSensorineural

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