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Glucose Transporters01:27

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
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Primary Active Transport01:47

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood
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Angiotensin II Modulates Podocyte Glucose Transport.

Barbara Lewko1, Anna Maryn1, Elzbieta Latawiec1

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|August 9, 2018
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Summary

Angiotensin II (AngII) affects glucose uptake in kidney podocytes. It enhances basal uptake and alters insulin response, impacting diabetic kidney disease progression.

Keywords:
GLUT transportersangiotensin IIglucose transporthigh glucoseinsulinpodocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Podocytes are crucial for kidney filtration and are affected by Angiotensin II (AngII).
  • AngII signaling contributes to podocyte dysfunction in kidney diseases like diabetic nephropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how AngII influences glucose uptake in mouse podocytes under normal and high glucose conditions.
  • To understand the role of AngII in regulating glucose transporters and insulin signaling in podocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Mouse podocytes expressing human AT1 receptor were cultured in normal (NG) or high glucose (HG).
  • Cells were exposed to AngII for short (30 min) and long-term (24 h) periods.
  • Glucose uptake, transporter expression (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT4), and insulin receptor levels were measured.

Main Results:

  • AngII significantly enhanced basal glucose uptake in podocytes under both NG and HG conditions.
  • AngII inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in NG cells; insulin had no effect in HG cells.
  • AngII modulated glucose transporter expression and increased podocyte insulin receptor levels, mediated by PKC and PI3K.

Conclusions:

  • Angiotensin II plays a significant role in modulating glucose uptake in podocytes.
  • AngII regulates glucose transporters and insulin signaling pathways, contributing to podocyte dysfunction in diabetic conditions.