Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

4.0K
Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
4.0K
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

50.8K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
50.8K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

22.1K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
22.1K
Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

27.1K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
27.1K
Second Law of Thermodynamics00:53

Second Law of Thermodynamics

68.5K
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the...
68.5K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

58.4K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
58.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for feedback cooling.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Power-Law Scaling of Lasing-State Switching in Optical Microcavities.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Promoting Fluctuation Theorems into Covariant Forms.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Symmetry Induced Enhancement in Finite-Time Thermodynamic Trade-Off Relations.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Optimal control theory for maximum power of Brownian heat engines.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Exact work distribution and Jarzynski's equality of a relativistic particle in an expanding piston.

Physical review. E·2024
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.4K

Path Integral Approach to Quantum Thermodynamics.

Ken Funo1, H T Quan1,2

  • 1School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

Physical Review Letters
|August 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to understand quantum thermodynamics, especially in open systems. This approach uses a novel work functional and path integral techniques to accurately calculate work statistics and quantum corrections.

More Related Videos

Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch
09:33

Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch

Published on: February 7, 2022

3.9K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.4K
Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch
09:33

Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch

Published on: February 7, 2022

3.9K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Thermodynamic work is fundamental but poorly understood in quantum systems, particularly open quantum systems.
  • Existing methods struggle to accurately describe work in the quantum regime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel theoretical framework for studying quantum thermodynamics.
  • To develop a new approach for calculating work statistics in quantum systems, including open systems.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a novel 'work functional' concept for individual Feynman paths.
  • Derivation of a path integral expression for work statistics.
  • Application of ℏ expansion for analytical quantum-classical correspondence.
  • Utilizing quantum Brownian motion model for open quantum systems.

Main Results:

  • Analytically proven quantum-classical correspondence for work statistics.
  • Derived quantum corrections to classical fluctuating work.
  • Successfully applied the approach to calculate work statistics for a dragged harmonic oscillator in both isolated and open systems.

Conclusions:

  • The novel work functional approach provides an effective method for calculating work in quantum and open quantum systems.
  • This framework bridges the gap between quantum and classical thermodynamics.
  • Path integral techniques are powerful tools for analyzing quantum thermodynamic properties.