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Related Concept Videos

Gastric Emptying01:16

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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
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Neural Regulation01:37

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One-anastomosis Gastric Bypass OAGB in Rats
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Gastric Carcinoids.

Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg1, Krystallenia I Alexandraki2, Anna Angelousi2

  • 1Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|August 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are increasingly diagnosed. Types I and II NENs are small, indolent lesions, while type III NENs are larger, more aggressive, and prone to metastasis.

Keywords:
Atrophic gastritisCarcinoidsEndoscopic ultrasoundGastrinNeuroendocrine

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), previously known as gastric carcinoids, originate from gastric enterochromaffin-like cells.
  • NENs are increasingly diagnosed, with a majority classified as type I (autoimmune gastritis-associated) or type II (gastrinoma-associated).
  • Types I and II NENs typically present as small, multiple lesions with low malignant potential, confined to the gastric mucosa/submucosa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the characteristics and clinical behavior of different types of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms.
  • To highlight the indolent nature of type I and II gastric NENs versus the aggressive potential of type III NENs.

Main Methods:

  • Review and classification of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms based on established etiological and pathological criteria.
  • Analysis of lesion size, number, location, and association with gastrin hypersecretion for each NEN type.
  • Evaluation of metastatic potential and clinical course based on tumor characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Type I and II gastric NENs are generally small (1-2 cm), multiple, indolent lesions with low metastatic potential.
  • Type III gastric NENs are characterized as single, larger (>2 cm) lesions, unrelated to gastrin hypersecretion.
  • Type III NENs exhibit infiltration of deeper gastric layers and are associated with higher rates of local and distant metastases.

Conclusions:

  • Gastric NENs demonstrate distinct clinical behaviors based on their type.
  • Type I and II gastric NENs have a favorable prognosis due to their limited size and indolent nature.
  • Type III gastric NENs represent a more aggressive subtype requiring vigilant monitoring for metastatic disease.