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Author Spotlight: Exploring Dynamic Neural Changes Associated with Religious Chanting
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Directional brain networks underlying OM chanting.

Naren P Rao1, Gopikrishna Deshpande2, Kalyani Bangalore Gangadhar1

  • 1National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Asian Journal of Psychiatry
|August 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

OM chanting meditation reduces communication between deactivated brain regions, particularly from the insula, anterior cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices to the amygdala. This brain connectivity modulation suggests potential therapeutic benefits for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Keywords:
ConnectivityDirectional connectivityFunctional MRIGranger causalityMeditationOM chantingfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • OM chanting, an ancient Indian meditation, is linked to relaxation and altered brain activity, including limbic system deactivation.
  • Understanding brain region interactions (functional connectivity) is crucial for comprehending brain functions.
  • Previous research focused on localized brain deactivation during OM chanting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in directional brain connectivity during OM chanting.
  • To test the hypothesis of reduced communication between deactivated brain regions during meditation.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of OM chanting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 12 healthy volunteers.
  • Employed multivariate autoregressive modeling (MVAR) for Granger causality analysis.
  • Analyzed directional brain connectivity during OM chanting versus a control condition.

Main Results:

  • Found significantly reduced outputs from the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex during OM chanting.
  • Observed a notable decrease in connectivity from these cortical regions to the amygdala.
  • Identified specific patterns of reduced brain communication linked to the meditation practice.

Conclusions:

  • OM chanting alters functional brain connectivity, specifically reducing communication between key cortical areas and the amygdala.
  • The modulation of emotion-processing brain regions suggests a potential role for OM chanting in managing conditions like major depressive disorder (MDD).
  • Further research is warranted to explore OM chanting as a non-pharmacological intervention for mental health disorders.