Setback distances for unconventional oil and gas development: Delphi study results

Area of Science:

• Environmental Health
• Public Health Policy
• Occupational Health

Background:

• Proximity to unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) is increasingly linked to adverse health outcomes.
• A significant debate exists regarding safe setback distances from UOGD to protect public health.
• Defining appropriate buffer zones is crucial for community safety and well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

• To achieve expert consensus on recommended setback distances for UOGD from human activities.
• To identify specific distance recommendations for general populations and vulnerable groups.
• To inform public health guidelines and regulatory policies concerning UOGD.

Main Methods:

• A three-round Delphi study methodology was employed.
• Eighteen panelists comprising healthcare providers, public health practitioners, environmental advocates, and scientists participated.
• Consensus was defined as agreement among at least 70% of the panelists.

Main Results:

• The expert panel reached consensus that setback distances of less than 1/4 mile from UOGD should not be recommended.
• Consensus was achieved on the need for additional setback distances for vulnerable populations.
• No consensus was reached on specific recommended setback distances between 1/4 mile and 2 miles.

Conclusions:

• Setback distances greater than 1/4 mile are suggested where UOGD proximity is a concern.
• Additional setbacks are recommended for sensitive locations such as schools, daycare centers, and hospitals.
• Further research is needed to define exposures and track health impacts to inform specific setback recommendations between 1/4 and 2 miles.