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Related Concept Videos

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Communication01:28

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Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.
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Communication is a lifelong learning process. Through therapeutic communication, nurses can collect relevant assessment data, provide education and counseling, and interact during nursing interventions. Sending and receiving messages occur through verbal and nonverbal communication techniques and can happen separately or simultaneously.
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Optical camera communication for mobile payments using an LED panel light.

Hao-Wei Chen, Shang-Sheng Wen, Yun Liu

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a secure mobile payment system using optical camera communication (OCC). The system leverages a smartphone camera and LED panel for faster, error-free data transmission, enhancing mobile payment security.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Information Security

    Background:

    • Mobile payments are growing, increasing the need for secure transaction methods.
    • Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) cameras in smartphones can serve as visible light communication (VLC) receivers.
    • Optical Camera Communication (OCC) offers a secure alternative but faces challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and evaluate a novel OCC system for secure mobile payments.
    • To enhance data rates in OCC systems by utilizing camera features.
    • To address security concerns in mobile payment transactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an OCC system using a rolling shutter CMOS camera as the receiver.
    • Employed a light-emitting diode (LED) panel as a surface light source transmitter.
    • Utilized the rolling shutter effect to increase the effective data rate beyond the frame rate.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed OCC system demonstrated error-free performance in symbol error rate (SER) tests.
    • Achieved a data rate of approximately 4.2 kb/s, with a net data rate of 2.46 kb/s after accounting for redundancy.
    • The achieved data rate is sufficient for typical mobile payment data requirements.

    Conclusions:

    • The OCC system provides a viable and secure solution for mobile payment transactions.
    • The use of rolling shutter and LED panel light effectively enhances OCC system performance.
    • This technology offers a promising approach to improving mobile payment security and efficiency.