Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

112.4K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
112.4K
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

20.2K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
20.2K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

19.0K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
19.0K
Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

1.0K
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
1.0K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

9.3K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
9.3K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.2K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identification of genomic features that uniquely impact estrogen receptor alpha binding and its effects on gene expression in endometrial cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cells Engage Endogenous Malonate Synthesis to Drive Mitochondrial Metabolism.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Functional partitioning of lipoic acid decouples cellular abundance from mitochondrial utilization.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Mitochondrial L-2-hydroxyglutarate is a physiological signalling metabolite.

Nature·2026
Same author

Lactate transport inhibition therapeutically reprograms fibroblast metabolism in experimental pulmonary fibrosis.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

RNA-triggered cell killing with CRISPR-Cas12a2.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Detection of Protein S-Acylation using Acyl-Resin Assisted Capture
08:31

Detection of Protein S-Acylation using Acyl-Resin Assisted Capture

Published on: April 10, 2020

10.7K

ACP Acylation Is an Acetyl-CoA-Dependent Modification Required for Electron Transport Chain Assembly.

Jonathan G Van Vranken1, Sara M Nowinski1, Katie J Clowers2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.

Molecular Cell
|August 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The cell uses the LYR protein family and acylated mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP) to regulate electron transport chain (ETC) assembly. This system links ETC biogenesis to cellular energy levels via acetyl-CoA availability.

Keywords:
acetyl-CoAassembly factorselectron transport chainmitochondriamitochondrial fatty acid synthesisrespiration

More Related Videos

Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution
08:37

Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution

Published on: June 1, 2017

14.8K
Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms
08:52

Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms

Published on: June 1, 2018

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Detection of Protein S-Acylation using Acyl-Resin Assisted Capture
08:31

Detection of Protein S-Acylation using Acyl-Resin Assisted Capture

Published on: April 10, 2020

10.7K
Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution
08:37

Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution

Published on: June 1, 2017

14.8K
Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms
08:52

Characterizing Electron Transport through Living Biofilms

Published on: June 1, 2018

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Function
  • Energy Metabolism

Background:

  • The electron transport chain (ETC) is crucial for cellular energy production.
  • ETC biogenesis is complex and requires specific assembly factors.
  • The LYR protein family and mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP) are involved in ETC assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the LYR protein family in ETC biogenesis.
  • To elucidate the interaction between ACP and the LYR protein family.
  • To understand how ETC assembly is regulated by cellular metabolic state.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to study protein interactions.
  • Enzyme activity measurements.
  • Allosteric regulation studies.

Main Results:

  • The acylated form of ACP acts as an allosteric activator for the LYR protein family.
  • This activation is dependent on acetyl-CoA levels.
  • The LYR protein family stimulates ETC biogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • A novel regulatory mechanism for ETC biogenesis is identified.
  • The cell coordinates ETC assembly with energy availability through acetyl-CoA.
  • This system ensures efficient cellular energy conversion.