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Vertical liquid controlled adiabatic waveguide coupler.

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    A novel vertical liquid controlled optical waveguide coupler (LCC) enables non-volatile photonic switching with zero steady-state energy consumption. This broadband device facilitates large-scale, low-loss photonic circuits by efficiently coupling light between stacked layers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) require efficient switching mechanisms.
    • Existing optical switches often suffer from energy consumption or signal loss.
    • Non-volatile switching is crucial for scalable and power-efficient photonic systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a broadband vertical liquid controlled optical waveguide coupler (LCC).
    • To achieve zero energy consumption in a steady switch state for optical switching.
    • To enable large-scale, low-loss, non-volatile switch circuits.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a vertical LCC using silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides.
    • Integration with low-loss interlayer waveguide crossovers.
    • Characterization of optical loss, crosstalk, and wavelength range.

    Main Results:

    • The vertical LCC exhibits insertion loss < 2.0 dB (bar) and < 2.6 dB (cross) across 1260-1630 nm.
    • Interlayer waveguide crossovers show loss < 0.06 dB over the same range.
    • Crosstalk is below -21 dB for the LCC between 1500-1630 nm.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated vertical LCC offers a promising solution for non-volatile optical switching.
    • The combination of LCCs and low-loss crossovers enables efficient, large-scale photonic circuits.
    • Zero steady-state energy consumption highlights the potential for power-saving optical systems.