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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

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Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
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Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

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A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
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Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

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A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady...
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Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

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Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
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Image Rendering Techniques in Postmortem Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Biological Health and Profile in Stranded Cetaceans
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Low-Dose Computed Tomography Colonography Technique.

Kevin J Chang1, Judy Yee2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, 2014 Washington Street, Newton, MA 02462, USA.

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|August 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computed tomography (CT) colonography offers significant colorectal cancer screening benefits that outweigh theoretical radiation risks. Strategies are discussed to minimize radiation dose while maintaining image quality using the ALARA principle.

Keywords:
Automatic dose modulationComputed tomography colonographyIterative reconstructionRadiation dose reductionVirtual colonoscopykVp

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding radiation exposure from computed tomography (CT), especially for screening procedures like CT colonography.
  • Theoretical radiation risks must be weighed against the substantial benefits of colorectal cancer screening.
  • The principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) guides radiation dose management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss strategies for reducing radiation dose in CT colonography.
  • To explore methods for mitigating potential increases in image noise associated with dose reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and novel techniques for radiation dose reduction in CT colonography.
  • Analysis of the impact of dose reduction on image quality and diagnostic accuracy.
  • Application of the ALARA principle in optimizing CT colonography protocols.

Main Results:

  • Various techniques can effectively lower radiation exposure during CT colonography.
  • Image noise can be managed through appropriate image processing and acquisition parameters.
  • Optimized protocols maintain diagnostic efficacy while adhering to radiation safety standards.

Conclusions:

  • CT colonography is a valuable tool for colorectal cancer screening.
  • Implementing dose reduction strategies is crucial for patient safety.
  • Balancing radiation dose and image quality is achievable through careful protocol optimization.