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Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death.

Fengjuan Wang1, Raquel Gómez-Sintes2, Patricia Boya2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lysosomes are vital for cellular health, but stress can cause membrane permeabilization (LMP), leading to cell death. This review covers LMP mechanisms, detection, and therapeutic strategies targeting lysosomal function.

Keywords:
autophagycathepsinlysosomelysosome membrane permeabilizationlysosome-dependent cell death

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lysosomes are essential organelles for macromolecule degradation and cellular homeostasis.
  • They act as signaling hubs in nutrient response and calcium regulation.
  • Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is a critical event in cellular stress responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of LMP.
  • To discuss methods for detecting LMP.
  • To summarize the role of LMP and cathepsins in cell death pathways and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in lysosome research.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying LMP.
  • Discussion of various detection methods for LMP.
  • Synthesis of information on endolysosomal damage-response mechanisms.
  • Summary of therapeutic strategies targeting lysosomal function.

Main Results:

  • LMP can lead to the release of intralysosomal components like cathepsins into the cytoplasm.
  • This release can trigger lysosomal-dependent cell death (LDCD) and other cell death pathways.
  • Mechanisms for repairing or eliminating damaged lysosomes have been identified.
  • Lysosomes are emerging as significant therapeutic targets for various human diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding LMP mechanisms and detection is crucial for cellular homeostasis.
  • LMP and cathepsin release play a significant role in programmed cell death.
  • Targeting lysosomal function offers promising therapeutic avenues for disease treatment.