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Sakib Burza1, Simon L Croft2, Marleen Boelaert3

  • 1Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Médecins Sans Frontières, Delhi, India.

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Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, affects millions globally. While progress is made in some regions, increased conflict and displacement sustain cases, highlighting the urgent need for new control tools and treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Public health

Background:

  • Leishmaniasis is a poverty-related parasitic disease with significant global impact.
  • It presents as visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), affecting 0.7-1 million people annually.
  • WHO classifies leishmaniasis as a priority neglected tropical disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current global leishmaniasis situation.
  • To highlight challenges in disease control and the need for new interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global leishmaniasis case data and trends.
  • Analysis of factors influencing disease transmission and control.

Main Results:

  • Reported VL cases have decreased in Asia due to improved diagnostics, treatment, and vector control.
  • East Africa continues to report sustained VL cases.
  • Conflict and displacement have caused a surge in CL cases globally.

Conclusions:

  • Despite progress in some areas, leishmaniasis control remains a challenge.
  • Significant evidence gaps and a need for novel tools are critical for definitive control.
  • New treatments and control strategies are urgently required.