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Related Concept Videos

Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates01:21

Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates

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Understanding the motion of particles is a fundamental aspect of classical mechanics, and the choice of the coordinate system plays a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities of their dynamics.
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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults
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A Novel Coordinated Motion Fusion-Based Walking-Aid Robot System.

Wenxia Xu1, Jian Huang2, Lei Cheng3

  • 1Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. xuwenxia@wit.edu.cn.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel walking-aid robot system that fuses upper and lower limb motion intentions for accurate human motion intention detection. It also incorporates fall detection for abnormal walking states, enhancing user safety.

Keywords:
coordinated motionhuman motion intentionmulti-sensor fusionwalking-aid robot

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Biomechanics
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Human locomotion involves complex coordination between upper and lower limbs.
  • Walking-aid robot systems require accurate understanding of user's motion intention in both normal and abnormal states.
  • Existing systems may lack comprehensive motion intention detection and fall prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel coordinated motion fusion-based walking-aid robot system.
  • To accurately detect human motion intention (HMI) during normal walking.
  • To detect falls and classify falling modes during abnormal walking states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized force-sensing resistor (FSR) sensors and a laser range finder (LRF) to detect upper and lower limb HMIs.
  • Developed a fuzzy logic control (FLC)-Kalman filter (LF)-based algorithm for coordinated motion fusion.
  • Implemented a support vector machine (SVM)-based algorithm for fall detection and mode classification.

Main Results:

  • The proposed fusion algorithm effectively synthesizes segmental HMIs for accurate overall HMI.
  • The SVM-based algorithm successfully detects impending falls and distinguishes falling modes.
  • Experimental results validated the effectiveness of the developed algorithms.

Conclusions:

  • The novel walking-aid robot system demonstrates effective coordinated motion fusion for accurate HMI.
  • The integrated fall detection enhances safety for users in abnormal walking states.
  • This approach offers a promising solution for advanced assistive robotics.