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Screening of Serum Biomarkers for Distinguishing between Latent and Active Tuberculosis Using Proteome Microarray
Shu Hui Cao1, Yan Qing Chen2, Yong Sun3
1Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China; Department of Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES
|August 28, 2018
Summary
Researchers identified potential serum biomarkers to differentiate latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from active tuberculosis (TB). Key antigens like Rv2031c, Rv1408, and Rv2421c showed promising diagnostic performance, aiding in TB diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Distinguishing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from active tuberculosis (TB) is crucial for effective treatment and disease control.
- Current diagnostic methods may not always differentiate between LTBI and active TB accurately.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify novel serum biomarkers for differentiating LTBI from active TB.
- To evaluate the diagnostic performance of identified candidate antigens.
Main Methods:
- Systems-level screening of 4,262 antigens using a proteome microarray on serum samples from LTBI and active TB patients.
- Analysis of antigen interaction networks and functional classification.
- Validation of candidate antigens using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Main Results:
- 152 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-antigen-specific IgG levels were significantly higher in active TB patients compared to LTBI patients.
- Eleven candidate antigens were validated, with Rv2031c, Rv1408, and Rv2421c demonstrating high diagnostic potential (AUCs of 0.8520, 0.8152, and 0.7970, respectively).
- Antigen combinations and logistic regression analysis enhanced diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusions:
- Several Mtb antigens show potential as serum biomarkers for discriminating between LTBI and active TB.
- The identified biomarkers could improve the accuracy of TB diagnosis.
- Further validation is warranted for clinical application.
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