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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
1Department of Philosophy, School of Culture and Education, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden.
This study redefines causal closure by examining where causes are absent, proposing that universes interact indirectly through interfaces, which are causally open domains. This shifts focus from direct causation to mediated influence between universes.
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