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Farming Animals in Extreme Poverty: A Problem for Anti-speciesists?

Joshua Jarvis-Campbell¹

¹Department of Social and Political Sciences, Philosophy, and Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

Philosophia (Ramat-Gan, Israel)

|July 3, 2025

Summary

Anti-speciesists believe animals deserve moral consideration, but farming them in poverty presents a dilemma. This philosophical analysis argues that such practices do not pose a major ethical problem for anti-speciesists.

Keywords:

Animal agriculture Animal ethics Demandingness Extreme poverty Lifeboat ethics Speciesism

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Area of Science:

Ethics
Animal Welfare
Philosophy

Background:

Anti-speciesism challenges moral distinctions based on species membership.
Animal agriculture is a common target of anti-speciesist objections.
The moral permissibility of animal farming in contexts of extreme poverty is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the ethical implications of animal farming in extreme poverty for anti-speciesist philosophy.
To analyze a specific trilemma faced by anti-speciesists when considering this practice.
To determine if animal farming in extreme poverty poses a significant challenge to anti-speciesist principles.

Main Methods:

Philosophical argumentation and conceptual analysis.
Examination of the anti-speciesist ethical framework.
Exploration of moral permissibility and necessity in ethical decision-making.

Main Results:

Farming animals in extreme poverty presents a trilemma for anti-speciesists: accepting permissibility with human farming parallels, rejecting the practice, or abandoning anti-speciesism.
The first two options of the trilemma are argued to be less problematic than initially perceived.
The practice of farming animals in extreme poverty does not represent a major problem for anti-speciesists.

Conclusions:

The ethical considerations surrounding animal farming in extreme poverty are complex but manageable within an anti-speciesist framework.
Anti-speciesist philosophers can reconcile their views with the permissibility of animal farming in dire poverty.
The study suggests that anti-speciesism can accommodate nuanced ethical positions regarding animal use in subsistence contexts.