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W. Matthews Grant's Dual Sources Account and Ultimate Responsibility.

Jordan Wessling¹, P Roger Turner²

¹Lindsey Wilson College, 210 Lindsey Wilson Street, Columbia, KY 42728 USA.

Philosophia (Ramat-Gan, Israel)

|February 6, 2023

Summary

Philosophers debate divine causation and human free will. This study finds W. Matthews Grant's divine universal causation conflicts with Robert Kane's ultimate responsibility, challenging harmonization efforts.

Keywords:

Divine action Incompatibilism Non-competitive divine and human action Providence Ultimate responsibility

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Area of Science:

Philosophy of Religion
Metaphysics
Ethics

Background:

Recent philosophical and theological debates question the compatibility of divine causation with libertarian free will.
W. Matthews Grant proposes a sophisticated account of divine universal causation, arguing it does not negate human free will or ultimate responsibility.
Robert Kane offers an influential conception of ultimate responsibility within libertarian free will frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the compatibility of W. Matthews Grant's divine causation model with Robert Kane's concept of ultimate responsibility.
To critically evaluate Grant's attempt to reconcile divine universal causation with libertarian free will.

Main Methods:

Philosophical argumentation and conceptual analysis.
Close reading and critical engagement with Grant's and Kane's philosophical texts.
Comparative analysis of divine causation and ultimate responsibility theories.

Main Results:

The study argues that Grant's proposed divine universal causation is incompatible with a plausible interpretation of Kane's ultimate responsibility.
Grant's account, while detailed, fails to adequately address the conditions for ultimate responsibility as articulated by Kane.
The proposed harmonization between divine causation and Kane's ultimate responsibility is shown to be problematic.

Conclusions:

Grant's model of divine causation presents a significant challenge to Robert Kane's influential theory of ultimate responsibility.
The common assumption that divine action precludes libertarian free will may be less contentious than the compatibility of divine causation with ultimate responsibility.
Further philosophical work is needed to reconcile divine causation with robust accounts of human freedom and moral responsibility.