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Distribution of Stresses in a Narrow Rectangular Beam01:11

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In studying beam stress distribution, examining an elemental section is essential. To determine the average shearing stress on this face, the calculated shear is divided by the surface area. Importantly, shearing stresses on the beam's transverse and horizontal planes mirror each other, indicating a consistent stress distribution along the upper region of the beam. Notably, shearing stresses are absent at the beam's upper and lower surfaces due to the absence of applied forces in these...
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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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An ultra-narrow linewidth solution-processed organic laser.

Oussama Mhibik1,2, Sebastien Forget1,2, Dan Ott3

  • 1Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.

Light, Science & Applications
|September 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel compact solid-state laser using a vertical external cavity and holographic grating. This design achieves unprecedented narrow linewidths and long coherence lengths for thin-film lasers, enabling high-resolution spectroscopy.

Keywords:
VECSELnarrow linewidthorganic lasersvolume Bragg grating

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Laser Physics

Background:

  • Optically pumped thin-film lasers offer low cost and tunability for applications like sensing and spectroscopy.
  • Existing thin-film lasers have broad linewidths (≥0.1 nm) due to short photon cavity lifetimes, limiting high-resolution applications.
  • Narrow linewidths are crucial for advanced spectroscopic techniques and coherent sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel compact solid-state laser architecture for achieving ultra-narrow linewidths in thin-film lasers.
  • To overcome the limitations of short photon cavity lifetimes in conventional resonator designs.
  • To enable high-resolution spectroscopy and coherent sensing with thin-film laser technology.

Main Methods:

  • A vertical external cavity laser design incorporating a holographic volume Bragg grating for spectral selection and output coupling.
  • Utilizing solution-processed thin-film gain media within the compact laser structure.
  • Employing short-pulse (0.4 ns) and longer (20 ns) optical pumping to investigate linewidth reduction.

Main Results:

  • Achieved Fourier-transform-limited laser pulses with a linewidth of 900 MHz (1.25 pm) under short-pulse pumping.
  • Reduced linewidth to 200 MHz (0.26 pm) using longer pump pulses, achieving a coherence length of 1 m.
  • Demonstrated a compact laser design (∼cm³) with potential for tunability and transferability to various thin-film gain media.

Conclusions:

  • The novel vertical external cavity laser with a holographic grating significantly narrows linewidths in thin-film lasers.
  • This compact design offers an unprecedented coherence length, surpassing previous limitations.
  • The technology presents a promising, compact alternative to traditional bulky grating systems for tunable lasers.