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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
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Photonic molecules with a tunable inter-cavity gap.

Tobias Siegle1, Stefan Schierle1, Sarah Kraemmer1

  • 1Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Light, Science & Applications
|September 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a tunable coupling method for polymeric micro-resonators. This technique precisely adjusts the gap between micro-cavities, enabling control over coupled micro-resonator systems for advanced photonic applications.

Keywords:
coupled resonatorsmicro-lasersphotonic moleculestunable coupling gapwhispering gallery mode resonators

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Optical micro-resonators are crucial for light-matter interactions in sensors and cavity quantum electrodynamics.
  • Coupling multiple micro-cavities enhances design flexibility and application scope.
  • Tunable coupling strength is essential for controlling coupled micro-resonator properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel method for precisely tuning the coupling gap of polymeric micro-resonators.
  • To demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of tunable coupled micro-resonator systems.
  • To explore the potential of this approach for advanced photonic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of goblet-shaped whispering-gallery-mode resonators on an elastic polymer substrate using direct laser writing.
  • Mechanical stretching of the polymer substrate to induce lateral shrinkage and tune the inter-cavity gap.
  • Optical pumping of micro-resonators containing laser dye and investigation of lasing emission via micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a novel coupling approach enabling highly precise tuning of the coupling gap.
  • Successfully formed photonic molecules comprising two or three coupled resonators.
  • Showcased tunable lasing performance dependent on the precisely controlled coupling strengths.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers significant flexibility and tunability for coupled micro-resonator systems.
  • This approach is promising for various photonic applications, including tunable coupled-resonator optical waveguide devices.
  • The technique can be extended to larger cavity arrays, paving the way for complex photonic integrated circuits.