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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Number word formation varies across languages, notably with number-word inversion in German (e.g., 43 as 'three and forty').
  • Previous research focused on inversion effects in number comparison and addition, not multiplication fact retrieval.
  • Multiplication facts are presumed to be verbally represented, yet linguistic influences on retrieval remain under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of number word inversion on processing place-value information during multiplication.
  • To determine if linguistic specificities in number word formation affect multiplication fact retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • A verification paradigm was employed to assess multiplication fact retrieval.
  • The decade consistency effect was measured in English- and German-speaking participants.
  • Performance on table-related multiplication probes was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The decade consistency effect was significantly larger for English speakers than German speakers.
  • This suggests English speakers may prioritize decade digits due to number word structure (decade first).
  • German speakers, with unit-digit-first number words, showed less susceptibility to this effect.

Conclusions:

  • Linguistic influences on verbal number word formation extend to arithmetic fact retrieval, specifically multiplication.
  • Number word inversion, as seen in German, may offer advantages in processing place-value information within multiplication facts.