Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

1.7K
Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
1.7K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

1.3K
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
1.3K
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

1.2K
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
1.2K
Chromatographic Resolution01:15

Chromatographic Resolution

2.2K
In chromatography, a solute moves through a chromatographic column and tends to spread, forming a Gaussian-shaped band. The longer the solute spends in the column, the broader the band becomes. The broadening can lead to overlaps within the column, affecting separation effectiveness.
The effectiveness of separation can be evaluated by determining the level of separation between two neighboring peaks in a chromatogram, which represents the individual components of a sample.
In chromatography,...
2.2K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

1.1K
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
1.1K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

1.8K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Types and frequencies of adverse events across clinical trials for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an analysis of the Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials (PRO-ACT) database.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration·2026
Same author

Microstructure-informed deep learning improves thalamic atrophy segmentation and clinical associations in multiple sclerosis and related neuroimmunological diseases.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2026
Same author

Evaluating ALSFRS-R as an indicator of disease milestones and functional independence: An observational study of US neurologists and their patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

Anchor-based evaluation of digital motor biomarkers from a 2-year observation in 100 patients with multiple sclerosis.

Journal of neurology·2025
Same author

Lessons Learned: Quality Analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography in Neuromyelitis Optica.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2025
Same author

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy occurs in High Frequency in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease, Seropositive and Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders compared to Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2025
Same journal

Abnormal B-Cell Exosome Proapoptotic and Antiapoptotic Cargo in Multiple Sclerosis: Potential Implication in Progressive Disease Biology.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026
Same journal

Isolated Peripheral Nervous System Presentation in Ma/Ma2-Associated Autoimmunity.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026
Same journal

Immunity Gone Viral: Subacute Cognitive Decline With Multifocal Brain Lesions in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026
Same journal

Immuno-Proteomic Features Associated to Relapse Risk in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026
Same journal

Specific HLA-DRB1 Alleles Associate With Anti-Caspr1 and Anti-CNTN1 Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Nodopathies.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026
Same journal

Prognostic Biomarker Signature of Relapse in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders in the CIRCLES Observational Study.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Registration of Calcium Transients in Mouse Neuromuscular Junction with High Temporal Resolution using Confocal Microscopy
11:12

Registration of Calcium Transients in Mouse Neuromuscular Junction with High Temporal Resolution using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: December 1, 2021

2.4K

Temporal visual resolution and disease severity in MS.

Noah Ayadi1, Jan Dörr1, Seyedamirhosein Motamedi1

  • 1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (N.A., J.D., S.M., K.G., J.B.-S., J.M., A.U.B., H.Z., F.P.), Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Neurology Department (J.D.), Multiple Sclerosis Center, Oberhavel Clinic, Henningsdorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (J.B.-S., F.P.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; and Department of Neurology (F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.

Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
|September 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Critical flicker frequency (CFF) is reduced in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, indicating impaired visual processing. This reduction correlates with overall disability and alertness, not just optic nerve damage.

More Related Videos

Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC
09:15

Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC

Published on: May 9, 2020

5.7K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Registration of Calcium Transients in Mouse Neuromuscular Junction with High Temporal Resolution using Confocal Microscopy
11:12

Registration of Calcium Transients in Mouse Neuromuscular Junction with High Temporal Resolution using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: December 1, 2021

2.4K
Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC
09:15

Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC

Published on: May 9, 2020

5.7K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Visual system dysfunction is common in MS, impacting patients' quality of life.
  • Temporal visual resolution, measured by Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF), is a potential indicator of neurological impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate temporal visual resolution using CFF in patients with MS.
  • To investigate the relationship between CFF and visual system damage (optic neuritis, retinal structure).
  • To explore associations between CFF, general disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale - EDSS), and cognitive function (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task - PASAT).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 39 MS patients and 31 healthy controls (HCs).
  • CFF testing, visual acuity, alertness, and PASAT were performed.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and EDSS scores were assessed in MS patients.

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited significantly lower CFF (40.9 ± 4.4 Hz) compared to HCs (44.8 ± 4.4 Hz, p < 0.001).
  • CFF did not differ between eyes with or without prior optic neuritis (ON) and showed no association with structural visual measures (VEP latency, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, ganglion cell volume).
  • Reduced CFF was significantly associated with higher EDSS scores (r² = 0.26, p < 0.001) and lower alertness (r² = 0.42, p = 0.00042), but not with PASAT performance (p = 0.33).

Conclusions:

  • CFF reduction in MS is independent of optic neuritis and structural visual damage.
  • The correlation of CFF with EDSS and alertness suggests it reflects broader disease processes and higher cortical functions.
  • CFF may serve as a sensitive biomarker for global neurological impact in MS, beyond focal visual pathway lesions.