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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
Published on: August 6, 2019
[PREOPERATIVE SIMULATION AND INTRAOPERATIVE NAVIGATION FOR LIVER SURGERY:THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND
Multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) aids liver surgery planning and transplantation. Advanced navigation techniques like real-time virtual sonography and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging show promise but require further development for improved safety and accuracy.
Area of Science:
- Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Medical Imaging
- Surgical Navigation
Background:
- Multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) offers detailed liver anatomy information.
- Three-dimensional (3D)-CT simulations have been used since the early 2000s for liver volume estimation, aiding liver resection and living-donor liver transplantation.
- The Japanese national health insurance system covers 3D-CT simulation since April 2012.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in multidetector-row CT for liver surgery.
- To discuss the current status and limitations of liver surgery navigation techniques.
- To highlight the potential of emerging technologies for enhancing liver surgery safety.
Main Methods:
- Review of multidetector-row CT applications in liver surgery.
- Discussion of liver simulation techniques based on 3D-CT.
- Evaluation of real-time virtual sonography and indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for intraoperative navigation.
Main Results:
- 3D-CT simulation is established for liver volume assessment and surgical planning.
- Real-time virtual sonography synchronizes preoperative CT for tumor identification but faces accuracy challenges.
- ICG-fluorescence imaging aids real-time identification of liver structures but has limited depth penetration.
Conclusions:
- Liver simulation using 3D-CT is a mature technology for surgical planning.
- Intraoperative navigation techniques like virtual sonography and ICG fluorescence imaging are evolving.
- Further technological advancements are crucial for improving the safety and efficacy of liver surgery navigation.
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