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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. Highly accurate...

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

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Early Epigenetic Markers for Precision Medicine.

Ramona G Dumitrescu¹

¹Kelly Government Solutions, Bethesda, MD, USA. dumiragi30@yahoo.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|September 5, 2018

Summary

Epigenetic changes like DNA methylation in body fluids show promise as biomarkers for early cancer detection and personalized medicine. These biomarkers are being explored across various cancers, including breast, colorectal, and lung, for improved diagnosis and risk prediction.

Keywords:

Colorectal cancers Early epigenetic markers Gastric and lung cancers Genome-wide methylation Pancreatic Precision medicine Prostate Screening Women’s cancers miRNAs

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Oncology

Background:

Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, are implicated in cancer development and progression.
These epigenetic changes can serve as potential biomarkers for cancer detection, prognosis, and treatment response prediction.
Crucially, specific DNA methylation signatures are detectable in accessible body fluids like serum and plasma.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the potential of epigenetic biomarkers for early cancer detection across various cancer types.
To highlight the clinical utility of DNA methylation signatures found in body fluids.
To discuss the role of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer initiation and progression.

Main Methods:

Review of studies investigating epigenetic biomarkers in breast, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, gastric, and lung cancers.
Analysis of DNA methylation patterns in serum, plasma, and tissue samples.
Evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic performance of identified epigenetic markers.

Main Results:

Aberrant DNA methylation in serum DNA aids early breast cancer diagnosis and risk prediction.
Specific methylation markers (e.g., SEPT19, vimentin) are utilized in commercially available colorectal cancer detection assays.
Epigenetic markers show potential for early detection of gastric, prostate, and pancreatic cancers, with some outperforming current screening methods like PSA.
Epigenetic dysregulation in tumor suppressor genes and microRNAs is observed in lung cancer.

Conclusions:

Epigenetic changes in biological fluids are valuable for early detection of multiple cancer types.
These biomarkers hold significant potential for advancing precision medicine in oncology.
Further research can lead to improved non-invasive cancer diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies.