Parental age in relation to the severity of cleft lip and/or palate

To investigate parental age in relation to the severity of cleft diagnosis in a population-based consecutive sample of individuals with clefts.

Retrospective, consecutive.

The sample comprised 545 consecutive cases with nonsyndromic clefts (437 individuals with cleft lip with/without cleft palate [CL ± P] and 106 individuals with isolated cleft palate [CP]) and parental ages recorded. The groups were subdivided according to the extent/severity of cleft. Unilateral clefts were divided according to left/right sidedness. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between parental age and risk of severe cleft separately for CL ± P and CP, as well as between parental age and risk of right-sided cleft.

In CL ± P, the risk of a complete cleft in the offspring increases with maternal age when the paternal age exceeds approximately 29 years. Moreover, the risk is higher when both parents are old than when both parents are young. In CP, no statistically significant results were identified. However, there were clear trends that indicated a similar pattern as that for CL ± P. No association was identified between increased parental age and the sidedness of clefts.

Parental age seems to contribute to cleft severity, as older parents showed a higher risk of having offspring with a complete cleft than younger parents.