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Pancreas01:19

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The pancreas, an essential organ in the human body, is a pinkish-gray elongated structure located posterior to the stomach. It extends laterally from the duodenum towards the spleen and is firmly bound to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The organ's surface has a lumpy, lobular texture that gives it a unique appearance.
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Related Experiment Video

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Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
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Multivariable Artificial Pancreas for Various Exercise Types and Intensities.

Kamuran Turksoy1, Iman Hajizadeh2, Nicole Hobbs1

  • 11 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, Illinois.

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|September 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A multivariable adaptive artificial pancreas (MAAP) helps manage glucose levels during exercise for type 1 diabetes patients. The system demonstrated effectiveness, keeping glucose within safe ranges for most of the time and reducing hypoglycemia risks.

Keywords:
Artificial pancreasExerciseType 1 diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes management is challenging during physical activity due to glucose fluctuations.
  • Artificial pancreas systems offer a potential solution to mitigate exercise-induced glycemic variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of a multivariable adaptive artificial pancreas (MAAP) in managing glucose concentration during various exercise types in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
  • To assess the time spent within target glycemic ranges and the incidence of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia during and after exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 18 60-hour closed-loop experiments involving 96 exercise sessions across three protocols: moderate continuous training (MCT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on a treadmill, and resistance training.
  • Utilized a MAAP system that automatically adjusted insulin delivery based on continuous glucose monitoring and physical activity data, without user input.
  • Monitored glucose concentration (GC) during exercise and a 2-hour recovery period, analyzing time in different glycemic ranges and average GC changes.

Main Results:

  • Glucose levels remained within the euglycemic range (70-180 mg/dL) for 69.9% of the time and within a safe exercise range (70-250 mg/dL) for 93.0% of the time.
  • Hypoglycemic events (<70 mg/dL) occurred in 14.6% of sessions, constituting only 2.22% of the total exercise and recovery time.
  • The MAAP recommended carbohydrate intake in 59% of MCT, 50% of HIIT, and 39% of resistance sessions to prevent significant glucose drops.

Conclusions:

  • The MAAP system effectively managed glucose levels during different exercise modalities in type 1 diabetes.
  • Glycemic control varied by exercise type, with consistent glucose declines observed during exercise and recovery periods.
  • The system's ability to recommend carbohydrate intake helped mitigate hypoglycemia, demonstrating its potential as a valuable tool for type 1 diabetes management during physical activity.