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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

918
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
918
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

821
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
821
Language Development01:22

Language Development

918
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
918
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

802
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
802
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

129.5K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
129.5K
Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

22.4K
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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NLIZE: A Perturbation-Driven Visual Interrogation Tool for Analyzing and Interpreting Natural Language Inference

Shusen Liu, Zhimin Li, Tao Li

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
    |September 7, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel visualization system for deep learning models in natural language processing. The system aids in debugging and interpreting complex neural networks by allowing users to perturb inputs and observe model behavior.

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    Area of Science:

    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Natural Language Processing
    • Machine Learning

    Background:

    • Deep learning models achieve state-of-the-art results in natural language processing (NLP).
    • The complexity and "black box" nature of these neural networks pose challenges for debugging and interpretation.
    • Understanding the internal mechanisms of these models is crucial for their reliable application.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a visualization system for interrogating neural network models in NLP.
    • To enable users to understand model behavior through input and internal state perturbations.
    • To facilitate the assessment of model limitations and the interpretation of fundamental mechanisms like attention.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a visualization system with integrated model elements.
    • Implementation of a perturbation-driven paradigm for model interrogation.
    • Application of the system to the natural language inference (NLI) task.

    Main Results:

    • The visualization system allows users to perturb inputs, internal states, and predictions.
    • Observing changes across the pipeline aids in understanding model responses.
    • The perturbation-driven approach helps in identifying model limitations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed visualization system offers a method for debugging and interpreting complex NLP models.
    • Domain experts can use this tool to probe model mechanisms and form hypotheses.
    • This approach enhances the transparency and trustworthiness of deep learning systems in NLP.