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Airflow Vibrato: Dependence on Pitch and Loudness
Srihimaja Nandamudi1, Ronald C Scherer2
1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 501 N Columbia Rd Stop 8040, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, work: 719-777-4909 fax: 701-777-4578.
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|September 8, 2018
Summary
Airflow vibrato characteristics were analyzed in singers, revealing larger extents in females and increases with pitch and loudness. Airflow vibrato waveforms are more complex than fundamental frequency vibrato.
Area of Science:
- Vocal production and acoustics
- Physiology of singing
Background:
- Vocal vibrato is a complex phenomenon involving pitch and loudness modulation.
- Airflow modulation is a potential component of vocal vibrato, but its characteristics are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the airflow vibrato characteristics at various pitches and loudness levels during vocal vibrato production.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive case series study involving four singers (1 baritone, 1 tenor, 2 sopranos).
- Measured airflow vibrato and fundamental frequency (F0) vibrato extent and rate during /pa:pa:pa:p/ utterances.
- Compared vibrato characteristics within and between subjects across different pitches and loudness levels.
Main Results:
- Airflow vibrato was evident in all subjects, with larger mean extents observed in female singers compared to males.
- Airflow vibrato extent significantly increased with rising pitch within subjects and between sexes at higher loudness levels.
- The phase difference between airflow vibrato and F0 vibrato varied, with airflow vibrato often leading F0 vibrato.
Conclusions:
- Airflow vibrato shares characteristics with F0 vibrato, including extent, rate, regularity, and waveform complexity.
- Airflow vibrato waveforms exhibit greater complexity than F0 vibrato waveforms.
- Further research is needed to investigate the sources of airflow vibrato.
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