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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology
  • Pregnancy Research

Background:

  • Standing balance alterations during pregnancy are documented.
  • Body center of mass (bCOM) motion has not previously been utilized to assess balance changes in pregnant individuals.
  • This study compared three torso center of mass (tCOM) calculation methods: force plate, anthropometry, and a combination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether walking balance changes during pregnancy.
  • To determine if different methods for locating the tCOM impact balance measurements.
  • To establish reliable methods for tracking balance during gestation.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen pregnant women participated, undergoing treadmill walking trials every four weeks from 12 weeks gestation to delivery.
  • Walking balance was quantified by measuring bCOM motion within the base of support.
  • Gestation time and tCOM localization method (force plate, anthropometry, combination) were analyzed using a general linear mixed model.

Main Results:

  • A significant decline in walking balance was observed throughout pregnancy.
  • Non-linear changes in bCOM motion occurred over gestation, with some changes appearing early and others late in the second trimester.
  • The chosen anthropometric model for bCOM significantly influenced balance measures, with the force plate method showing greater accuracy for anterior and lateral tCOM localization.

Conclusions:

  • Gestational stage significantly impacts walking balance, increasing fall and injury risks.
  • The method for determining bCOM location is critical and influences balance assessment outcomes.
  • Clinicians and researchers should utilize appropriate methods, such as force plates, for accurate tCOM and bCOM assessment during pregnancy.