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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Three-Winding Transformers

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Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer.
In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...
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Laser guided ionic wind.

Shengzhe Du1, Tie-Jun Wang2, Zhongbin Zhu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

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|September 12, 2018
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Summary

Researchers generated ionic wind using a laser-induced plasma channel and electric field. This method achieves high velocities (>4 m/s) and can operate remotely, offering new possibilities for plasma-based applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Aerodynamics
  • Laser-Induced Phenomena

Background:

  • Ionic wind, a phenomenon driven by ion movement in an electric field, has potential applications in propulsion and airflow control.
  • Traditional methods for generating ionic wind often require specific electrode geometries and proximity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate a novel method for generating ionic wind.
  • To investigate the parameters influencing ionic wind velocity and generation.
  • To explore the potential for remote ionic wind generation.

Main Methods:

  • Coupling a strong external electric field with an intense femtosecond laser-induced air plasma channel.
  • Experimental measurement of ionic wind velocity.
  • Numerical simulation of electric field distribution.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ionic wind velocities exceeding 4 m/s.
  • Demonstrated that velocity can be optimized by increasing electric field strength and plasma channel volume.
  • Qualitative confirmation of experimental results through numerical simulations.
  • Showcased the ability to generate ionic wind outside of traditional high-voltage geometries and at remote distances.

Conclusions:

  • A new, effective method for generating high-velocity ionic wind has been developed.
  • The technique allows for ionic wind generation at remote locations, expanding its applicability.
  • Further optimization of electric field and plasma parameters can enhance ionic wind performance.