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Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses
12:08

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses

Published on: June 25, 2011

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Defects in interferon pathways as potential biomarkers of sensitivity to oncolytic viruses

Olga V Matveeva1, Peter M Chumakov2,3

  • 1Biopolymer Design LLC, Acton, MA, USA.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|September 14, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cancer cells with faulty type 1 interferon (IFN) pathways are more sensitive to viruses, enhancing oncolytic virotherapy. These defects may identify patients who can benefit from this cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy relies on cancer cells' increased sensitivity to viruses.
  • Dysfunctional innate antiviral defenses, particularly type 1 interferons (IFNs), contribute to this sensitivity.
  • Defects in IFN pathways can paradoxically aid tumor progression while enhancing viral oncolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review defects in genes involved in type 1 interferon induction and response pathways in cancer cells.
  • To explore the link between IFN pathway dysfunction and cancer cell sensitivity to viruses.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for patient selection in oncolytic virotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating gene defects in IFN pathways.
  • Analysis of expression levels and functional activities of IFN-related genes in cancer cells.
  • Correlation of IFN pathway status with cancer cell permissiveness to viral infection.

Main Results:

  • Cancer cells often exhibit low or absent expression/activity of genes crucial for IFN induction and response.
  • These genetic defects lead to impaired innate antiviral defenses, permitting viral replication.
  • Such defects enhance the efficiency of oncolytic virotherapy by increasing viral permissiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Specific defects in IFN signaling pathways are common in cancer cells.
  • These defects render cancer cells susceptible to oncolytic viruses.
  • Identifying these IFN pathway defects could serve as biomarkers to select patients for oncolytic virotherapy.
Keywords:
IFN defects in cancer cellbiomarkersdefects in IFN inductiondefects in IFN pathwaysdefects in IFN responsemalfunction of IFN signaling cascadeoncolytic virotherapyoncolytic virusesviral oncolysis

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